A测-气压测控仿真系统 测试内容是去年的补测题目。区别在于，去年的上位机软件直接用的是 XCOM，而今年的正测需要自行编写上位机软件。关于软件的安装以及初步的使用，参考了 西电A测：串口通信仿真-CSDN博客 与 2024春季 西电A测-气压测控仿真系统-CSDN博客。过程虽然今年让自己写一个上位机软件，但打算还是先用 XCOM 进行测试，一切正常后打算用 Python Tkinter 来写个 GUI。电路图已经提供了，只需分析电路图然后用 arduino IDE 写代码即可。这是 LCD，发现接了引脚 12,11,5,4,3,2，所以初始化 LCD 时对这几个引脚初始化。这是直流电机驱动电路，发现接了引脚 7，所以控制直流电机的操作可以通过将引脚 7 写高/低电平来实现。Arduino IDE 代码通过上述分析写出如下代码。选用的是串口 COM3.#include <Wire.h> #include <Adafruit_BMP085.h> #include <LiquidCrystal.h> Adafruit_BMP085 bmp; LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2); void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); lcd.begin(16, 2); pinMode(7, OUTPUT); bmp.begin(); } int setATM = 860; void loop() { int realATM = (bmp.readPressure() + 50) / 100; String str = ""; lcd.print("ID:"); if(Serial.available() > 0) { while(Serial.available() > 0) { str += (char)Serial.read(); delay(10); } str.trim(); lcd.println(str); int len = str.length(); int last = str[len - 1] - '0'; setATM = 860 + last; str = ""; } Serial.print("ATM: "); Serial.print(realATM); Serial.println("hPa"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("ATM: "); lcd.print(realATM); lcd.print("hPa"); lcd.home(); if(realATM >= setATM) { digitalWrite(7, HIGH); } else { digitalWrite(7, LOW); } delay(1000); }将代码用 arduino IDE 编译后，proteus 选中 arduino UNO 元件，并将 program file 选中生成的 .hex 文件。我所使用的串口是 COM3 和 COM4，用 VSPD 配置一下就行。然后打开 XCOM，设为 COM4，接着用 proteus 开启仿真。如图所示，正常运行。接下来就只剩下 GUI 的编写。GUI编写采用的是 Python 语言的 Tkinter 库，并用 pyserial 来实现串口通信。代码如下：import tkinter as tk from tkinter import ttk, scrolledtext import serial import serial.tools.list_ports from threading import Thread, Event import time class MyCOM: def __init__(self, window): # 初始化主窗口 self.window = window self.window.title("114514 田所浩二 - 气压测控仿真系统") self.window.geometry("800x600") # 串口相关变量 self.serial_port = None self.is_serial_open = False self.receive_thread = None self.stop_event = Event() self.create_widgets() # 创建界面控件 self.update_com_list() # 初始化时更新可用串口列表 def create_widgets(self): """创建并布局所有GUI控件""" # 顶部框架 - 串口控制区域 top_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(self.window, text="串口配置", padding="5") top_frame.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=2, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="ew") # 串口选择标签和下拉框 ttk.Label(top_frame, text="选择串口:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="w") self.com_combo = ttk.Combobox(top_frame, width=15, state="readonly") self.com_combo.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5) # 波特率选择标签和下拉框 ttk.Label(top_frame, text="波特率:").grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="w") self.baud_combo = ttk.Combobox(top_frame, width=10, values=['9600', '19200', '38400', '57600', '115200'], state="readonly") self.baud_combo.set('9600') # 默认波特率 self.baud_combo.grid(row=0, column=3, padx=5, pady=5) # 刷新串口按钮 self.refresh_btn = ttk.Button(top_frame, text="刷新串口", command=self.update_com_list) self.refresh_btn.grid(row=0, column=4, padx=5, pady=5) # 打开/关闭串口按钮 self.open_close_btn = ttk.Button(top_frame, text="打开串口", command=self.toggle_serial) self.open_close_btn.grid(row=0, column=5, padx=5, pady=5) # 状态标签 self.status_label = ttk.Label(top_frame, text="当前状态: 串口未打开", foreground="red") self.status_label.grid(row=0, column=6, padx=10, pady=5, sticky="w") # 中部框架 - 数据发送区域 send_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(self.window, text="发送数据", padding="5") send_frame.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=2, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="ew") # 发送数据输入框 ttk.Label(send_frame, text="发送指令:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="w") self.send_entry = ttk.Entry(send_frame, width=50) self.send_entry.insert(0, "114514") # 默认填入学号 self.send_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="ew") # 发送按钮 self.send_btn = ttk.Button(send_frame, text="发送", command=self.send_data, state="disabled") self.send_btn.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5, pady=5) # 底部框架 - 数据接收区域 receive_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(self.window, text="接收数据", padding="5") receive_frame.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=2, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="nsew") # 接收数据显示区域 self.receive_text = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(receive_frame, width=70, height=20, state="disabled") self.receive_text.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="nsew") self.receive_text.tag_config("send_color", foreground="blue") self.receive_text.tag_config("receive_color", foreground="green") self.receive_text.tag_config("error_color", foreground="red") # 清空接收区按钮 clear_btn = ttk.Button(receive_frame, text="清空接收区", command=self.clear_receive_area) clear_btn.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="w") # 配置网格权重，使界面随窗口调整大小 self.window.columnconfigure(0, weight=1) self.window.rowconfigure(2, weight=1) receive_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1) receive_frame.rowconfigure(0, weight=1) def update_com_list(self): """获取可用串口列表并更新下拉框""" com_list = [port.device for port in serial.tools.list_ports.comports()] self.com_combo['values'] = com_list if com_list: self.com_combo.set(com_list[0]) def toggle_serial(self): """打开或关闭串口""" if not self.is_serial_open: self.open_serial() else: self.close_serial() def open_serial(self): """打开串口""" try: selected_port = self.com_combo.get() baud_rate = int(self.baud_combo.get()) if not selected_port: self.update_status("请选择有效的串口", "red") return # 创建串口连接 self.serial_port = serial.Serial( port=selected_port, baudrate=baud_rate, bytesize=serial.EIGHTBITS, parity=serial.PARITY_NONE, stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE, timeout=1 ) self.is_serial_open = True self.update_ui_for_serial_state() self.update_status(f"已打开 {selected_port} ({baud_rate}bps)", "green") # 启动接收线程 self.stop_event.clear() self.receive_thread = Thread(target=self.receive_data, daemon=True) self.receive_thread.start() except Exception as e: self.update_status(f"打开串口失败: {str(e)}", "red") def close_serial(self): """关闭串口""" try: self.is_serial_open = False self.stop_event.set() if self.serial_port and self.serial_port.is_open: self.serial_port.close() self.update_ui_for_serial_state() self.update_status("串口已关闭", "red") except Exception as e: self.update_status(f"关闭串口时出错: {str(e)}", "red") def update_ui_for_serial_state(self): """根据串口状态更新UI控件状态""" if self.is_serial_open: self.open_close_btn.config(text="关闭串口") self.com_combo.config(state="disabled") self.baud_combo.config(state="disabled") self.refresh_btn.config(state="disabled") self.send_btn.config(state="normal") else: self.open_close_btn.config(text="打开串口") self.com_combo.config(state="readonly") self.baud_combo.config(state="readonly") self.refresh_btn.config(state="normal") self.send_btn.config(state="disabled") def update_status(self, message, color="black"): """更新状态标签""" self.status_label.config(text=f"当前状态: {message}", foreground=color) def send_data(self): """发送数据到串口""" try: data = self.send_entry.get() if data and self.serial_port and self.serial_port.is_open: self.serial_port.write(data.encode()) self.display_data(f"发送: {data}", "send_color") except Exception as e: self.update_status(f"发送数据失败: {str(e)}", "red") def receive_data(self): """在后台线程中接收串口数据""" while not self.stop_event.is_set() and self.is_serial_open: try: if self.serial_port and self.serial_port.in_waiting > 0: data = self.serial_port.readline().decode('utf-8', errors='ignore').strip() if data: self.display_data(f"接收: {data}", "receive_color") except Exception as e: if self.is_serial_open: # 只在串口打开时报告错误 self.window.after(0, lambda: self.update_status(f"接收错误: {str(e)}", "error_color")) break time.sleep(0.01) def display_data(self, data, tag_type="receive_color"): """在接收文本框中显示数据""" def update_display(): self.receive_text.config(state="normal") self.receive_text.insert(tk.END, data + "\n", (tag_type,)) self.receive_text.see(tk.END) # 自动滚动到底部 self.receive_text.config(state="disabled") # 确保UI更新在主线程中执行 self.window.after(0, update_display) def clear_receive_area(self): """清空接收数据显示区域""" self.receive_text.config(state="normal") self.receive_text.delete(1.0, tk.END) self.receive_text.config(state="disabled") def on_closing(self): """窗口关闭时的清理工作""" if self.is_serial_open: self.close_serial() self.window.destroy() if __name__ == "__main__": root = tk.Tk() app = MyCOM(root) root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", app.on_closing) root.mainloop()界面如下：